Asher Levs Crucifixion Paintings as an Act of Disrespect Towards His P

Asher Lev's Crucifixion Paintings as an Act of Disrespect Towards His Parents Asher Lev paints against the estimations of his family and network. He ignores Jewish conventions and recognition by seeking after his energy for craftsmanship. His independence makes them resist the Rebbe, the mashphia, his mythic predecessor just as his folks. Asher doesn't mean for his fine art to be hurtful, yet that they pass on realities and emotions. However, the Brooklyn Crucifixions cause disgrace for his perceptive Jewish guardians. In that manner, he affronts their lessons and wishes. He challenges the Jewish conviction on humility in making naked works and upsets the Hasidic people group in his Christian symbolism. Most exceedingly awful of everything is the impression of the life-like portrayal of his family in the compositions. This causes a stunned and furious response from general society. The peak develops towards the last section of My Name is Asher Lev, when Asher's folks respond hurtingly after the artistic creations are presented to them in the New York Museum. C haim Potok composes their response as happening gradually in a bit by bit development; in quiets; developing perusers' desires for a negative result. Blame and dread of insubordination instigates a quiet from Asher. They're not reality, Papa; yet they're not lies either. Asher has all the earmarks of being talking in his brain while thinking about the recollections that the photos depict. He ignores his dad's exercise on how 'one Jew can make the remainder of the Jews endure'. Asher feels his disregard as a child and legitimizes himself in his brain, however doesn't address his folks about the Cruxifixion artistic creations by any means. Irreverence for his folks makes Asher frightened. He foresees their failure and hurt. Perusers identify in recognizing his inward enduring as he battles to discuss unreservedly with them. Asher fears his dad's response more than his mom's response for it is his dad that objects to Asher attracting the primary spot. The dad gives off an impression of being the person who ought to be dreaded the most. Different characters propose this, for instance, Asher's educator who says,What will your dad state on the off chance that he saw this? with respect to the image of the Rebbe Asher attracted his Chumash. His mom is increasingly strong of Asher and simply needs him and his dad to get along. In the wake of completing their excursion for the Rebbe, she says I need you and your dad to be companions, The te... ...an appalling nauseating image of the kid at school. Asher and his craft is an extreme type of insolence towards his folks and maybe the Jewish people group. They caution him of the day of damage and detest like the initial day of Asher's artworks in the New York Museum. Asher's dad comes back from Russia, and says Remember your kin Asher It is equivalent to in the event that one Jew throbs, the entire network harms, Asher's mythic progenitor frequents him in his fantasy, and shows that his specialty is an exercise in futility toward the finish of Chapter 4. It is Asher's 'blessing' that isolates him from the Jewish people group. He causes such a great amount of torment for his folks and the network that the main goals is too send Asher away, which the Rebbe does toward the end. Like the dad and the mother, Asher is venturing for him to keep Jews from torment. The end closes with Asher's folks watching peacefully as Asher's taxi pulls away. Thus, at the historical center, he had watched his folks, who didn't articulate a voice or a look at him, pull away in a taxi. In his folks' eyes, Asher has crossed the limit of compliance and lack of respect, with such colossal fury and hurt that it causes a dangerous quiet between them.

The Hunger Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Hunger Games - Essay Example The youthful characters have been delineated as saints and courageous women when some of them are seen considering more joyful minutes previously, a genuine model being the fundamental character, Katniss. This paper will fundamentally examine the book, giving a breakdown of the principle thoughts found in every one of the parts. In the primary part, the creator presents Katniss Everdeen, the storyteller and the fundamental character. The high school young lady sets out on a social event and chasing undertaking with her companion Gale as they anticipate for the harvesting toward the evening. Katniss has been compelled to participate in a battling competition against different adolescents. The legislature has constrained kids to battle each other to death on TV, the champ bringing home prizes. The battles are typically communicated to the whole world. Katniss hates the battles, yet she murders with a ton of polished methodology and artfulness, just to remain alive. From the story in th e book, it very well may be systematically noticed that the writer has utilized Katniss to show a change from a troublesome life to one where she encounters delight. Katniss carried on with a real existence that was brimming with destitution and languishing. Because of her endeavors in chasing and assembling, she utilized her aptitudes to later make an amazing most by encountering delights which she never knew about. These joys incorporate pretty garments, food and warmth. In any case, note that the creator has not at all delineated sexual joy. This shows the book is exceptionally modest and non-sexual, making it extremely proper for its intended interest group, youthful grown-ups (Grossman 1). The story additionally centers around the life of a high school young lady who gets stung to death by a freak multitude of hornets. The writer has utilized brutality in an exceptionally entrancing manner, not at all like different books on savagery which will in general be extremely repellent . This is on the grounds that savagery has been utilized in the midst of a fantasy, making the book extremely remarkable. The brutality isn't only a modest rush. It is something more profound as in the writer censures savagery and the activities that occur in the field however welcomes perusers to appreciate the viciousness that has been described in the story (Sperling 1). ‘The Hunger Games’ opens kids perusers to the brutality against which society makes a decent attempt to shield them. The creator utilizes this technique to show grown-ups that they ought not overlook their encounters as kids. They needed to appreciate very similar things against which they are protecting the youngsters. The creator underpins the way that kids are not moronic, and they are physical animals. This makes them mindful of the way that brutality crude feelings, force and viciousness exist. The creator is truly disheartened by the way that grown-ups decide to imagine that these things are no t in presence and that kids ought not think about them (Grossman 1). The book is a grisly, appalling and chilling one on account of the viciousness delineated through the activities of the characters. The creator shows a ton of carnage and savage murdering, particularly among kids. The setting of ‘The Hunger Games’ is a vague time later on, where such brutality is by all accounts the request for the day (Grossman 1). This shows exactly how terrible the creator figures things will be for mankind later on. The world that the creator has portrayed is one whereby a decision standing overwhelms the individuals. In the story, this decision standing lives in a city known as Capitol (Sperling 1). The remainder of the powerless populace that is being commanded by

Summer Reflections 2010 Post #9 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Summer Reflections 2010 Post #9 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog John Hughes just graduated from SIPA and during his second year of study worked in our office.   He is spending the better part of the summer in the office to assist with projects and help fill in for a staff member on maternity leave.   John is set up for a job in Washington, D.C. and will be moving there in August (our second largest alumni network in the world is in D.C if you were interested). I asked John to reflect a bit on his experience as a SIPA student and contribute to the blog over the summer.   This is entry #9. __________________________ I thought I’d write a post on my experience with the Fellowship process at SIPA, since it is the reason why I am at the Admissions office now and the topic of fellowships is something that most incoming and prospective students are very interested in. The Fellowship process at SIPA is fairly straightforward.   The majority of fellowship money is reserved for second-year students, meaning that only a small fraction (about 10%) of first-year students receive one.   These first-year fellowships are merit-based and come with no strings attached.   So, if you are lucky enough to get one you should be proud.   Second-year fellowships, however, do come with strings attached and are based on a combination of merit and need. Early in the second semester of your first year SIPA will hold a fellowship information session for all first-year students.   In this the administration will explain the types of fellowships available and what one needs to be eligible.   In a nutshell, any student who scores above a 3.2 in his/her first semester AND has a demonstrable need is eligible.   The demonstrable need amount does not appear to be too narrowly defined, and just because somebody is borrowing the entire cost of attendance does not make him/her more eligible than somebody who is only borrowing $20,000 a year.   Thus, if you are borrowing any money at all and get above a 3.2 I believe you would be considered eligible. Once you are deemed to be eligible you are given the opportunity to apply for 3 fellowships that interest you.   These fellowships fall into three basic categories:   First, there are Teaching Assistant (TA) positions in which second-year students are selected to lead optional help classes for all the first year core courses.   There are also TA positions for classes that fall outside of the core, but are still quantitative in nature, such as corporate finance.   To get one of these fellowships a student must have done very well in that class. The second type of fellowship is a Program Assistant (PA).   These fellowships are administrative in nature, and are usually in one of the SIPA offices like Career Services, Admissions, Student Affairs etc.   There are also PA positions monitoring the computer labs. A third type of Fellowship is the Department Program Assistant (DPA), which is like a PA but places students in academic offices rather than administrative offices.   For example, a student could work as the DPA in the Harriman Institute or for the International Security Policy concentration.   In addition to these three main types, there are also fellowships given to tutor first-year students who need help with econ or other difficult classes as well as a few other smaller fellowships. The challenge in the fellowship process comes in what three fellowships students should choose.   Generally, if you choose a fellowship as your first choice and somebody else puts it as her second choice, and both of you are qualified, you would get the fellowship for ranking it higher.   Thus, in addition to merit and need, strategy plays a role in successful fellowship attainment.   For example, many students may place a TA role as high on the list because these fellowships pay the same as a PA fellowship, except that they are for only a semester as opposed to the entire year for a PA. However, there are only so many econ (for example) TAships to go around, so you should really only choose this if you did very well in econ AND you like to teach it.   More commonly, many students will choose a PA in a certain SIPA institute or for a concentration (such as UN studies or International Finance) as they view this as a way to get to know professors in those offices and a way to help with the resume.   Though such thoughts may be valid, there are only so many of these to go around, too.   I knew many students who put the EPD first-year TAship #1 on the list.   Unfortunately, 50% of SIPA students concentrate in EPD and there are only 2 such positions available. Now, this is not to say that you should not apply for whichever fellowships that interest you the most.   However, before doing so you should carefully consider your chances.   If you have never spoken with the Human Rights Concentration head you are unlikely to get the DPA in that office, for example.   Go for Fellowships that both interest and that you have a valid chance of getting. Overall, the Fellowship process seems to work out well in the end.   Most of my friends at SIPA got one, and all were happy in their position.   I, for one, thoroughly enjoyed my Fellowship in the Admissions office.   There were 7 of us working here, and we spent most of our time helping to process the thousands of applications that you all send in.   We also had many opportunities to talk to prospective students about our experience at SIPA, and even got to be a part of the admissions committee that reviews applications each year (this is mostly faculty and staff, but each year a few select students are asked to read some applications). The staff here is great, and made our time working here a breeze.   I chose the admissions PA as my top choice, as I thought my previous experience working with students would help my chances.   Whether this was true or not, I did get the fellowship.   As many of you know, the admissions staff even allowed me to stay on for a couple months this summer to help out, which has been the perfect situation for me as I’ve waited for my job to start in Washington. Many students call us to ask why they didn’t get a fellowship in their first year because school x or school y gave them one.   Our response is always that SIPA gives most of its money to second-year students.   More importantly, the amount SIPA gives in the second year is often better than what a student is offered first year somewhere else (at least it was for me).   So, it can be a bit of a gamble coming without knowing whether you will get a fellowship your second year, but it is a gamble you can win.   I was fully aware of this when I came, and made sure I did well enough my first year to be eligible.   If you focus on your studies and on getting to know people in the offices that interest you, it’s likely that something will work out for you, too.

Summer Reflections 2010 Post #9 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Summer Reflections 2010 Post #9 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog John Hughes just graduated from SIPA and during his second year of study worked in our office.   He is spending the better part of the summer in the office to assist with projects and help fill in for a staff member on maternity leave.   John is set up for a job in Washington, D.C. and will be moving there in August (our second largest alumni network in the world is in D.C if you were interested). I asked John to reflect a bit on his experience as a SIPA student and contribute to the blog over the summer.   This is entry #9. __________________________ I thought I’d write a post on my experience with the Fellowship process at SIPA, since it is the reason why I am at the Admissions office now and the topic of fellowships is something that most incoming and prospective students are very interested in. The Fellowship process at SIPA is fairly straightforward.   The majority of fellowship money is reserved for second-year students, meaning that only a small fraction (about 10%) of first-year students receive one.   These first-year fellowships are merit-based and come with no strings attached.   So, if you are lucky enough to get one you should be proud.   Second-year fellowships, however, do come with strings attached and are based on a combination of merit and need. Early in the second semester of your first year SIPA will hold a fellowship information session for all first-year students.   In this the administration will explain the types of fellowships available and what one needs to be eligible.   In a nutshell, any student who scores above a 3.2 in his/her first semester AND has a demonstrable need is eligible.   The demonstrable need amount does not appear to be too narrowly defined, and just because somebody is borrowing the entire cost of attendance does not make him/her more eligible than somebody who is only borrowing $20,000 a year.   Thus, if you are borrowing any money at all and get above a 3.2 I believe you would be considered eligible. Once you are deemed to be eligible you are given the opportunity to apply for 3 fellowships that interest you.   These fellowships fall into three basic categories:   First, there are Teaching Assistant (TA) positions in which second-year students are selected to lead optional help classes for all the first year core courses.   There are also TA positions for classes that fall outside of the core, but are still quantitative in nature, such as corporate finance.   To get one of these fellowships a student must have done very well in that class. The second type of fellowship is a Program Assistant (PA).   These fellowships are administrative in nature, and are usually in one of the SIPA offices like Career Services, Admissions, Student Affairs etc.   There are also PA positions monitoring the computer labs. A third type of Fellowship is the Department Program Assistant (DPA), which is like a PA but places students in academic offices rather than administrative offices.   For example, a student could work as the DPA in the Harriman Institute or for the International Security Policy concentration.   In addition to these three main types, there are also fellowships given to tutor first-year students who need help with econ or other difficult classes as well as a few other smaller fellowships. The challenge in the fellowship process comes in what three fellowships students should choose.   Generally, if you choose a fellowship as your first choice and somebody else puts it as her second choice, and both of you are qualified, you would get the fellowship for ranking it higher.   Thus, in addition to merit and need, strategy plays a role in successful fellowship attainment.   For example, many students may place a TA role as high on the list because these fellowships pay the same as a PA fellowship, except that they are for only a semester as opposed to the entire year for a PA. However, there are only so many econ (for example) TAships to go around, so you should really only choose this if you did very well in econ AND you like to teach it.   More commonly, many students will choose a PA in a certain SIPA institute or for a concentration (such as UN studies or International Finance) as they view this as a way to get to know professors in those offices and a way to help with the resume.   Though such thoughts may be valid, there are only so many of these to go around, too.   I knew many students who put the EPD first-year TAship #1 on the list.   Unfortunately, 50% of SIPA students concentrate in EPD and there are only 2 such positions available. Now, this is not to say that you should not apply for whichever fellowships that interest you the most.   However, before doing so you should carefully consider your chances.   If you have never spoken with the Human Rights Concentration head you are unlikely to get the DPA in that office, for example.   Go for Fellowships that both interest and that you have a valid chance of getting. Overall, the Fellowship process seems to work out well in the end.   Most of my friends at SIPA got one, and all were happy in their position.   I, for one, thoroughly enjoyed my Fellowship in the Admissions office.   There were 7 of us working here, and we spent most of our time helping to process the thousands of applications that you all send in.   We also had many opportunities to talk to prospective students about our experience at SIPA, and even got to be a part of the admissions committee that reviews applications each year (this is mostly faculty and staff, but each year a few select students are asked to read some applications). The staff here is great, and made our time working here a breeze.   I chose the admissions PA as my top choice, as I thought my previous experience working with students would help my chances.   Whether this was true or not, I did get the fellowship.   As many of you know, the admissions staff even allowed me to stay on for a couple months this summer to help out, which has been the perfect situation for me as I’ve waited for my job to start in Washington. Many students call us to ask why they didn’t get a fellowship in their first year because school x or school y gave them one.   Our response is always that SIPA gives most of its money to second-year students.   More importantly, the amount SIPA gives in the second year is often better than what a student is offered first year somewhere else (at least it was for me).   So, it can be a bit of a gamble coming without knowing whether you will get a fellowship your second year, but it is a gamble you can win.   I was fully aware of this when I came, and made sure I did well enough my first year to be eligible.   If you focus on your studies and on getting to know people in the offices that interest you, it’s likely that something will work out for you, too.

William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1209 Words

Good Morning/Afternoon Miss Rigby, Romeo and Juliet displays the the nature of love and the reason for its destruction. It is the most common story to associate with love, it has been adapted to film multiple times, even within a modern setting. Within the play lies many different themes, two of which I will analyse today which are love and hate. The deepest principles in human nature are hate and love, these two contrasting emotions are key in understanding Romeo and Juliet. It s a play which dates back to the late 1500’s written by one of the most influential playwrights in history William Shakespeare. Today I will explore the nature of love and hate within Romeo and Juliet and discover the issues that are still relevant today. The two protagonists families the Capulets and the Montagues are sworn enemies. Yet from these two households love was sprawn by their offspring. This is the premise of the family feud (hate) combating the youthful romance (love) between the two lead characters. Within the play there are many types of love; The main focus is romantic love. Romeo was always perceived as a hopeless romantic, falling ‘deeply’ in love with rosaline, held an unrequited love which ended in rejection and heartache. Juliet provided a rebound love which quickly turned into a romantic love. Languages features such as oxymorons which place two the juxtaposed terms together are found in the play and complement the idea of opposing emotions love and hate. For example, JulietShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

Boy Scouts and Leadership Admission Essay Examples

My mentor used to say to me: My son, life is precious, live it to the fullest; however, always make sure every decision you make is worth it. A small mistake can ruin your entire life. Although his words were precious to my ears, I was naà ¯ve and I did not think of their importance until a certain decision almost changed my life completely. My mentor passed on at the age of fifty three when I was in my third grade. Every time I remember of him, his words always come back to me. At the age of eighteen, I wanted to have a girlfriend just like my friends Jimmy and Kennedy. Although they were older than me, I saw no much difference and I strongly believed that life would be fun if I had someone to call my own. I had known Anita for three years. She was one grade behind. One thing about Anita is that she was courageous, caring and always dreamful of a beautiful future. Although she never said it in the very beginning, I knew for sure she loved me from the look in her eyes. For several occasions we would play baseball and skate in the streets. After about a year of this constant commitment to each other and care, Anita whispered to my ear: You are my hero, my sunshine, and my sunshine. This day we were in our home. I was alone and my parents had attended a friend’s birthday. I did not believe her words for the first time. It sounded like a dream answering my prayers and dreams. I truly loved Anita only that I had been afraid that she might leave me instantly after presenting my proposal. She had done it and the reason it sounded like a miracle to me. Some things happen naturally so that we cannot explain them thereafter. It was with great shock that I realized we had already made love to each other. For the next three days I did not see any problem with what we had done despite the fact that I felt haunted by the action itself. After around a month and half, Anita called to inform me that she had missed her ‘periods.’ This was the beginning of my cry. She said I was to take the obligation of helping her abort. For the first time in my life it came to me that abortion was a real ethical problem after ignoring the topic for very many years. Here I was called upon to act. The first thought to occur in my mind was that abortion was out of topic. As I was thinking deeply, my mentor’s words rang in my head again: My son, life is precious, live it to the fullest; however, always make sure every decision you make is worth it. A small mistake can ruin your entire life. I realized the genius in the man and his ability to foretell the unforeseen. The next thing was to admit for what had happened. I informed my parents without caring how they would react to my situation. Anita had failed to inform her parents fearing that they may harm her. I took the obligation of telling her parents what had happened. I also confirmed with Anita that she was not going to abort whatsoever and I was ready to take care of the child and her. This was my first hardest decision to make in life. After learned my mistake, I realized that a small mistake can change one’s life completely as my mentor used to put it. While waiting for Anita to give birth and hug my baby, I decided to start an awareness campaign to educate people about the dangers of unprotected sex. Together with my scouts’ members, we composed poems, songs, banners and posters to help the youth from doing a similar mistake like mine. We also informed the youth about the other dangers from drug abuse and all other risky behaviors with the aim of reforming them and making sure they realize the dreams. Our mission was highly reciprocated in our society and the reason many people respect us today for the initiative. After six years of pregnancy, Anita died from pregnancy complications. Hearing of this, I almost lost my senses for a few weeks. This was the culminating point of my life. After full recovery, I mobilized twenty scouts to help in educating the youth in the society from doing a similar mistake like mine. Today I live a life of full regrets for my decision and the reason I saw the need to educate others so that they never go through a similar path.

Similarities Between The Alchemist And The Kite Runner

The Choices That Form You The most unexpected people will teach the greatest things, so listen. This theme is carried out through The Alchemist, a plot-driven narrative, by Paulo Coelho, as well as The Kite Runner, a plot-driven allegory, written by Khaled Hosseini. The journey of The Alchemist is written as the principal character, Santiago, is beginning to flourish and comprehend that â€Å"when you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you achieve it†, as well as partaking a breathtaking, suspenseful voyage around the world (24). Although the Kite Runner takes place much further ahead on the timeline, it still follows a similar writing stance. Both of the thought provoking novels convey the advancement of the protagonists†¦show more content†¦Through the novel, Santiago is finding the treasure within himself and searching for the actual treasure. While both of the characters must find divergent treasures, in their own way, they both find it in the e nd. After the characters find their treasure, what makes truly makes them content, they begin to grow and understand concepts they have never understood before. For example, in the beginning Santiago does not understand why the baker is slaving away in his bakery and postponing his trip, but later on in the story, he too works at the glass store in order to have money for his trip. For each of them, it was eye opening. They finally have to the chance to slow down, and stop looking for their treasure and carrying the burden of guilt from their past, and are able to look back and reflect. As a matter of fact, the key point in their individual journeys is when they discover their true selves along the way. The protagonists must undertake a number of rough days, weeks, and even months. However, in the process, they find that â€Å"what happens in a few days, sometimes even a single day, can change the course of a whole lifetime† (Hosseini 142). One instance that Santiago must recognize and utilize this when he is contemplating his decision to embark on a journey to find his treasure. When he encounters the fortune teller and the king, he begins to fathom this. The advice he receives, impacts him so much so that he decides he will commence on this trek. However,

The Qualitative Research Experience - Revised Printing

Question: Discuss the identification of a research project, research methodologies and techniques, data collection and analysis method and expected research outcome? Answer: Identification of a research project: Malnutrition is defined as the physical condition that is caused due to an intake of unbalanced diet that is the deficit of some essential nutrients (Padgett, D. K., 2004). Various forms of disorders of nutrition can take place based on the over or under abundance in the diet. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced malnutrition as one of the greatest threat to the health of the public of the world (Who.int, 2015). Thus, the main focus should be put on this specified matter and effective and emergency measures should also be taken regarding this. This can include the provision of various micronutrients to the public through the distribution of sachet powders of peanut butter or it might also take place through direct supplements. Now a day, international civic groups provide cash vouchers in the famine relief operation program to the hungry population present in the every part of the world. The WHO also invested in the modern agriculture in countries that suffers due to lack of irrigation and fertilizers that are the main causes of malnutrition and hunger in the developed countries. Though many experts of environment prevent the farmers to use and spread fertilizers in the field as these might cause harm to the crop and the human health also. According to a special reporter in United Nations, the mortality rate has increased due to malnutrition since the year 2006 (Barker, L. A., Gout, B. S., Crowe, T. C., 2011). About 62 million people have died due to deficiency of proper food nutrition. Even the World Health Organization announced that the mortality rate of the children has increased due to malnutrition and in a year about six million children have died due to hunger. Due to malnutrition about 2.2 million newly born babies have died mainly due to lack of or poor system of breastfeeding from their mothers which results into underweight (Moy, R. J. D., Smallman, S., Booth, I. W., 2009). There are many children in the worldwide who are found to have a d eficit of nutrients in their daily food and the nutrients are Vitamin A, Zinc and many more (Snap Survey Software, 2015). The children who mainly suffer due to malnutrition grow up with a worse health condition and also lower educational achievements. When these malnourished children become parents, their own children also tend to become smaller. Therefore, it can be said that malnutrition exacerbates the various problems of diseases like Pneumonia, measles and diarrhea. It in actual causes diseases as well as can be fatal to everyone. Malnutrition increases the chance or risk of infection and also is the major cause of tuberculosis. The communities that lack safe drinking water cause additional health problems. Impaired function of the brain and lower energy is also caused due to malnutrition. Malnutrition also takes place when there is a lack of iodine or iodine deficiency takes place. The iodine deficiency in people, especially among the children, infants, and the pregnant women leads to lower intelligence by about 10 to 15 I.Q. points, which leads to the decrease in the rate of the development of the nation ('Infrastructure and Economic Growth', 2013). The severe deficiency of iodine leads to dwarfism, cretinism, and goiters. Thus, to investigate such problem in the society the particular research is done regarding the malnutrition in under-five children in rural areas of Rwanda, South Africa with the aim to solve the problems by some probable recommendations. Research questions: Malnutrition has become the major problem or issue in the rural areas of the country, which affects the common people worldwide. This issue thus affects both the health of the peoples and also the development of the country (Explorable.com, 2015). The aim of this study is to bring awareness among the peoples regarding the said issue and also stressed over the fact to address and develop the various ways to resolve these. The questions which might help to guide the researcher for this specific investigation process are as follows: What is the status of the country regarding the development of the people? What is the household income and expenditure of the common people of the country? What is the daily food provided by the parents to their children? What obstacles are encountered by the peoples in the particular country in providing nutritious food to their children? Research methodologies and techniques: The process of designing the needs of some specific equipment is mainly performed with the aim to control the environment (Bowling, A., 2014). Thus this process is referred as the laboratory science. The entire process of searching the cause for malnutrition in the rural areas of the country can be divided into segments (Zwillinger, D. (Ed.)., 2014). In the first half of the segment, the particular plan to stop malnutrition is designed and in the second half that how well the newly designed process for preventing malnutrition would fulfill the requirements of the common people and what would be the limitations of this procedure and how these expected limitations would be addressed Saunders, (M. N., Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A., 2011). The main aim of this research proposal is to understand the two segments so that the appropriate process should be identified which would help the people to reduce the malnutrition in the country. The research process is laboratory oriented t hus all data and information is gathered from the laboratory regarding the stoppage of malnutrition. It is the process of development as the sample survey is conducted with the aim to analyze the problem (Kandala, N. B., Madungu, T. P., Emina, J. B., Nzita, K. P., Cappuccio, F. P., 2011). The reason for malnutrition might vary from one country to another due to various factors. Thus, according to the country, remedial measures should be taken. Research process: This research study is based on the descriptive statistics. The current condition was analyzed by the descriptive method to gather the relevant information (Corkins, M. R., Guenter, P., DiMaria-Ghalili, R. A., Jensen, G. L., Malone, A., Miller, S., ... Resnick, H. E., 2013). The main focus was provided on the description of the scenario, rather than the interpretation of the specified scenario. The main aim of the research is to confirm the assumptions which have been formulated to show the actual situation at the present. The research method was done to analyze the effects of malnutrition on the children who are under-five and the efforts taken up to solve this issue. As any questions arise during the process of research can be investigated, it can be said that the research process is flexible. In this research, the research would choose both the ways of collection of data that is, primary and secondary data. The primary data are collected by conducting interviews and questionnaire survey and on the other hand secondary data is collected from the books, articles, journal provided in the internet. Thus, both the qualitative and quantitative approaches are followed (stlund, U., Kidd, L., Wengstrm, Y., Rowa-Dewar, N., 2011). In the quantitative approach, the questionnaire survey might be performed by distributing the questionnaires to the common people of the rural area of the specified country of various age groups like 25 35 years, 36 46 years, below 20 years and many more (Creswell, J. W., 2013). The main characteristics are age, gender, civil status, and the economic condition. Various surveys might also be performed like household income and expenditure survey, child nutrition survey and many more. All these data would be related to malnutrition or deficit of nutrition in the daily food. Thus, the objectives of the research can be analyzed easily. In the qualitative approach, the interview of the head of the department of the rural development office can be taken and also of the 5 employees working in the office regarding the condition of the people of the rural area (Silverman, D., 2013). From the view points of the head and the employees of the department, the analysis can be made regarding the issue. It can be said that the people facing the daily problem in their life would better explain the issues and the reasons behind the problem. Thus, quantitative approach is better than the qualitative approach for this particular research proposal (Green, J., Thorogood, N., 2013). Data collection and analysis method: According to the complete information gathered from the questionnaire survey, the results were then formulated in the form of a table (Williams, A., 2014). The methods which were used for collection of the primary data were information from the friends, other sectors, questionnaire survey, interview of the local people and the secondary data was collected by the use of Google Scholar and various websites of internets and also books (Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Rubin, D. B., 2014). The Likert scale was used to interpret the condition. Then the weighted means were calculated for the individual questions. The outcome should be multiplied by the weight to find out the mean. Then finally the total value is divided by total weight. Expected research outcome: The research outcome show that ten respondents of the age range of 25 35 showed that they suffer from proper quantity of food. The percentages of the ten respondents are equal to 33.33. 30 % of all overall respondents were within the age range of 28 40. The percentage of the age range or group below twenty was zero percentage. The sample population that was gathered had unequal distribution of sexes. References: Padgett, D. K. (2004) the qualitative research experience, revised printing (1st Ed.). Read Chapters 1, 2, and 3 Moy, R. J. D., Smallman, S., Booth, I. W. (2009). Malnutrition in a UK children's hospital.Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics,3(2), 93-100. Barker, L. A., Gout, B. S., Crowe, T. C. (2011). Hospital malnutrition: prevalence, identification and impact on patients and the healthcare system.International journal of environmental research and public health,8(2), 514-527. Saunders, M. N., Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A. (2011).Research methods for business students, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Kandala, N. B., Madungu, T. P., Emina, J. B., Nzita, K. P., Cappuccio, F. P. (2011). Malnutrition among children under the age of five in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): does geographic location matter?.BMC public health,11(1), 261. stlund, U., Kidd, L., Wengstrm, Y., Rowa-Dewar, N. (2011). Combining qualitative and quantitative research within mixed method research designs: a methodological review.International journal of nursing studies,48(3), 369-383. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Silverman, D. (2013).Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. SAGE Publications Limited. Snap Survey Software,. (2015).Survey Software Analysis Tools Feedback Management Research Services. Retrieved 9 September 2015, from https://www.snapsurveys.com/ Explorable.com,. (2015).Explorable. Retrieved 9 September 2015, from https://explorable.com Infrastructure and Economic Growth in Asia. (2013). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03137-8 Who.int,. (2015).WHO | Water-related diseases. Retrieved 9 September 2015, from https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases/malnutrition/en/ Green, J., Thorogood, N. (2013).Qualitative methods for health research. Sage. Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Rubin, D. B. (2014).Bayesian data analysis(Vol. 2). London: Chapman Hall/CRC. Williams, A. (2014). How to Write and analyse a questionnaire.Journal of Orthodontics. Bowling, A. (2014).Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Zwillinger, D. (Ed.). (2014).Table of integrals, series, and products. Elsevier. Corkins, M. R., Guenter, P., DiMaria-Ghalili, R. A., Jensen, G. L., Malone, A., Miller, S., ... Resnick, H. E. (2013). Malnutrition diagnoses in hospitalized patients United States, 2010.Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 0148607113512154.

Why do women make only 75% of the income of men Essay Example

Why do women make only 75% of the income of men? Essay Women are becoming better educated than men. Women already earn over one-half of all bachelors and masters degrees; they lag behind only in the number of doctorates conferred. Women, therefore, will be better qualified than men to suppose positions of authority. Better-educated women are less expected to accept career barriers created by such discrimination, more likely to distinguish discrimination for what it is, and more likely to act on the conviction that sex discrimination has no place in their lives. The female worker of the future is likely to be a mother of young children. Already, 64 percent of all married women with young children are working mothers; 37 percent of divorced, separated, and widowed mothers with young children are working or looking for work (Chapkis Wendy. 1995). These women are not expected to readily accept employment policies originated on the conjecture that a working mothers child-rearing responsibilities essentially conflict with her work responsibilities. As these women are better educated than past generations of working women, they are more expected to appeal to the courts to get legal relief from all employer-initiated biased conduct, policies, and practices. For almost four decades, this country has been engaged in forming workplace equality for persons of different races and ethnicities, and it has attained some success in that regard. At the same time, we have been engaged in forming a workplace that will take full benefit of and fairly compensate women. Whether we will succeed in attaining either of these goals remains an open question. We will write a custom essay sample on Why do women make only 75% of the income of men? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why do women make only 75% of the income of men? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why do women make only 75% of the income of men? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Because women usually have assumed primary familial accountability for the rearing of their children, men, relieved of such responsibilities, have performed well in jobs needing a near total commitment to the workplace. An employer can structure a job description that demands an inflexible work commitment, while ignoring the impact of such a commitment upon the (presumed male) workers family, as the employer can safely suppose that the workers wife will understand all child-rearing responsibilities. This is no longer the case in our society. The male workers wife is now more expected to be employed herself and thus is no longer accessible for full-time child care. But unenlightened employers continue in requiring the recognition of a work ethic that establishes the job as the central, if not the sole, precedence in a workers life. Those who agree to function in such a competence are sometimes referred to as â€Å"ideal workers.† (Davis James H., Alan B. Henkin, and Carol A. Singleton., 1994) Historically, employers have leaned to classify women as capable only of â€Å"womens work,† positions that subsist in relatively few occupations and rank amongst those with the lowest status and compensation. The job of women to such positions results in the segregation and stratification of women in the workplace. The consignment of women to occupations unreasonably female tends to extend their separated and stratified roles. Until recently, 95 percent of all secretaries, stenographers, and typists were women. Though a significant reduction in job segregation has occurred in professional positions, it continues in numerous other job categories. The Census Bureaus 2000 Statistical Abstract of the United States reveals the breakdown. Though Census Bureau statistics disclose some development in the hiring of women in some other job categories, women are still usually excluded from the male-dominated positions. Undoubtedly, some women who expect that they will be called upon to fulfill family responsibilities liberally choose to work in lower-paying and lower status positions; they may be hesitant to make a considerable investment in job training or to make the commitments needed to attain higher-paying and higher-status posts. But womens careers are evenly likely to be shaped by the job opportunities that employers historically have made accessible to women. Employers who falsely perceive women as exhibiting less commitment to their jobs feel justified in handing over them to high-turnover positions with low-turnover costs, and these jobs usually carry low pay and little status. In addition to encountering glass ceilings, male-dominated work environments, and job segregation and stratification, working women also deal with other areas of discrimination in todays workplace—discrimination against older women, against women of color, against professional women, and against women who are pregnant. To intensify matters, sexual harassment of women—of all ages, of all skin colors, in all job categories, and in all occupations and professions—permeates the workplace. Pay inequity for women has long been a common practice. Women, on occasion, have asserted unequal-pay claims under the umbrella of Title VII protections. To succeed, a complainant should first demonstrate that she is paid less than a man performing similar work. The two jobs in question should be such as to permit the court to determine that the two workers are â€Å"similarly situated.† The accuser then must prove that her employers decision to pay her less than her similarly designated male co-worker was an act of intentional discrimination. This is a burden of proof not willingly sustained. The ongoing existence of disparities in compensation between men and women has been a mid issue in the battle to attain workplace equality for women. Even before the enactment of Title VII, Congress passed and President John Kennedy signed into law the Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA), legislation designed to assist women in achieving â€Å"equal pay for equal work.† The Supreme Court later commented that Congresss purpose in enacting the EPA was to remedy what was supposed to be a serious and incessant problem of discrimination against women—the truth that the wage structure of many segments of U.S. industry was based on â€Å"an ancient but outdated belief that a man, because of his role in society, must be paid more than a woman even though his duties are the same.† (Corning Glass Works v. Brennan, 417 U.S. 188, 1974). An employer violates the EPA if it pays a man more than a woman who performs a job needing the skill, effort, and responsibility equal to that of the mans job, and the two jobs are performed under similar working conditions. Unlike Title VII, the EPA complainant is not necessary to prove that her employer deliberate to discriminate against her by paying her less. The simple fact that a compensation disparity exists is sufficient to prove her case, unless the employer is capable to justify a pay differential by reason of the existence of seniority, merit, or an incentive system, or as a consequence of some factor other than gender. It appears, therefore, that a woman belligerent of a compensation disparity must be able to establish her case with ease. In practice, however, proving an equal-pay case is far harder than Congress originally intended. A woman seeking option under the statute require not prove that she is paid less for performing a job that is indistinguishable to that of a more highly paid male worker, but she should establish that the two jobs are equal or, as some courts have portrayed it, are â€Å"substantially similar.† EPA cases are often lost because female complainants are unable to establish that their jobs require skill, effort, and responsibility equal, or substantially similar, to those of the more highly compensated male. If the two jobs are unequal in any one of those respects, the court should reject the complainants claim, and—as of the difficulties experienced by women in indicating that the positions in question are equal or substantially similar—the EPA thus has provided little protection for the vast majority of women asserting pay equity claims. To understand how the courts have applied the Equal Pay Act to pay discrimination claims, I will illustrate some cases. Dr. Marjorie McMillan was director of the radiology department, one of seven veterinary departments, at Angell Memorial Animal Hospital in Massachusetts. When a local newspaper published a letter relating to the hospitals finances, it listed the salaries of various employees, and McMillan discovered a disparity between her salary and that of the other department directors: She was earning $58,000 a year, while her male counterparts annual salaries ranged from $73,000 to $80,000. With this information in hand, McMillan sued the hospital for pay discrimination in infringement of the EPA. At the trial, McMillan offered proof comparing the skills, effort, and responsibilities of her position, as the director of the radiology department, with those of the male department directors who were more highly compensated, and she demonstrated that the job requirements for each of the department heads were mainly the same. Her proof satisfied the demands of the Equal Pay Act, and the jurys award of considerable damages in McMillans favor was later affirmed on appeal (McMillan v. Massachusetts, 1998). In a less successful case, Cherry Houck, a professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, sued VPI for violation of the Equal Pay Act. Contrary to the approach taken by McMillan, Houck failed to recognize specifically the male colleagues she claimed were paid more than she. She simply testified that in her department, men usually received higher pay than she, although their jobs were basically the same as hers. As she failed to compare her job with that of any particular male in her department, the court was incapable to determine whether she was in fact paid less for considerably similar work. Houcks case was fatally flawed (Houck v. Virginia, 1993). In an Equal Pay Act case, the complainant and her attorney should take care to select the right job for comparison with the complainants. Josephine Cherrey, an â€Å"inside sales clerk† for the Thompson Steel Company in Sparrows Point, Maryland, alleged that Thompson violated the EPA since it paid her, on average, $14,000 a year less than it paid two male employees who she claimed performed considerably the same work as she. Before analyzing the facts in the case, the court recognized a framework to determine whether the jobs to be compared in fact required the same skill, effort, and responsibility. The court stated that if the jobs had a common â€Å"core of tasks,† the inquisition would then turns on whether differing or additional tasks requisite greater skill or effort or entailed greater responsibilities for the workers in the positions being compared. The court used this support to measure the degree of similarity between Cherreys job and the two other jobs in th e inside sales department she claimed were similar. Clearly, some overlap existed in the three positions. The employees in all three positions handled customer sales and complaints, and all three worked to accelerate sales and quote price and delivery terms to customers. Though, significant differences also were present. One of the positions that Cherrey used for comparison was that of her supervisor. But he commonly conferred with upper management and Cherrey did not. Both comparison employees performed functions that Cherrey was not necessary to perform, such as market research and the development of sales strategies. In the courts view, the differences in the requirements of the three positions outweighed the common â€Å"core of tasks,† consequently rendering the positions unequal in terms of skill, effort, and responsibility. This evidence was more than sufficient to defeat Cherreys claim (Cherrey v. Thompson, 1992). Prior to the enactment of Title VII and the EPA, women were paid just 60 percent of the wages paid to men. By 1997, they were earning 74 percent of their male colleagues compensation (Bureau of the Census, 1998). The gains in compensation for women have been regular, but small. The failure of the EPA and Title VII to deal more efficiently with the pay equity problem has fomented interest in amending the statutes, in particular the Equal Pay Act, to ease the required burden of proof. Critics of the EPA have long suggested changing â€Å"equal skill, effort, and responsibility† to â€Å"comparable skill, effort, and responsibility.† In fact, the first drafts of the EPA submitted to and measured by Congress used the term â€Å"comparable† rather than â€Å"equal.† If that language had been retained, the burden of proof would be a less formidable barrier to female complainants pursuing pay equity cases. Based on the history of case failures, an adjustment of the statute appears to be in order. Historically, courts have been unwilling to enter into employer employee frays involving promotions. Even where the existence of flawed promotion procedures is apparent, a court can hesitate to overrule managements decision to contradict promotion to an employee, as that decision can have been based on bad judgment rather than discrimination, and bad judgment, in and of itself, will never ascend to the level of unlawfulness. â€Å"The law forbids invidious distinctions, not mistakes† (Rubin v. Regents, 1988). Unless a workers qualifications, while compared with those of the worker who has been awarded the promotion, are so far superior that the employers reasons for the promotion should be viewed as a stratagem or pretext for discrimination, the worker generally will not overcome, except in instances where she is capable to submit independent evidence of a inequitable motive. Nearly all promotion cases, therefore, turn less on a comparison of a workers qualifications than on the weight of the confirmation demonstrating an offensive employer motive. This approach to promotion cases is well illustrated in Jane Fluckers sex discrimination case against Fox Chapel Area School District in Pennsylvania. Flucker, an English teacher, complained that she had not been interviewed for promotion to a middle school position. The school district argued that an interview was unnecessary, as the selection committee was responsive of her work and had viewed her performance evaluations. The judge that heard Fluckers case stated that if the decision had been left to him, Flucker would have been selected for the promotion: â€Å"As a graduate of Smith College, with over three years experience in the Princeton, New Jersey high school, with a face out of Botticelli and the charm of Southern speech, how could she possibly lose out in competition with a graduate of West Liberty State College †¦ who †¦ had taught ‘Mass Media, Revolutionary Lit., Myths Legends?† (Flucker v. Fox Chapel, 1978) But the mere fact that Flucker was better competent than the successful male candidate did not essentially prove sex discrimination. Though the failure of the selection committee to choose the better-qualified teacher for the promotion can be considered evidence of a discriminatory motive, in this case the court felt that the proof was insufficient to found sex discrimination. The court was not set to declare that Fluckers qualifications for the position were so far better to those of the other candidate that the school districts reasons for not promoting her inevitably had to be considered as pre-textual. Thus, to prevail, Flucker had to proffer the court evidence establishing more than just the shortcomings of the school districts encouragement procedures. She had to offer convincing proof that the actual reason for the selection of the successful candidate was his gender. But Flucker was incapable to offer any such corroborative evidence, and thus the court dismissed her case (Flu cker v. Fox Chapel, 1978). As another judge expressed it, without supporting evidence of a discriminatory intent, â€Å"We should accept the harsh fact that frequent individual mistakes are expected in the day-to-day administration of our affairs† (Bishop v. Wood, 1976) Some employers appear oblivious to the negative appearance they present to anyone reviewing their promotion procedures; their obvious behavior supplies the supporting evidence missing in the Flucker case. However, the wage gap is closing, but women are still lagging behind men in salaries. Between 1960 and 1995, the annual female-male earning ratio increased from 60.8 to 72.0things are getting better, but there is still a 30 percent gap. Again, the more those vocations are female-dominated, the lower the pay, yet women still lean to gravitate to these fields. This tendency has to be a factor, though to what degree remains a matter of debate. Free market advocates are not completely correct when they say that the system is neutral and nondiscriminatory, for years of research indicate otherwise. However, the amount of the markets responsibility is a constant point of disagreement amongst different factions. Laissez-faire advocates put out caution flags when discussing any policy, such as comparable worth, that would manipulate a self-regulating system. Tampering with the natural wage-setting means of supply and demand would threaten the complete economic structure, they argue. If a person is in distinguished demand because of a special expertise, he or she will command a high wage: for instance, a heart transplant surgeon will be in greater demand and, consequently, make more money at a time while there are numerous patients waiting for such transplants. On a blue-collar level, if there are few plumbers in an area where plumbing services are at a premium, plumbers are of course going to receive a good wage. There are, however, some obvious glitches in this hands-off theory, the most obvious being truth and fairness. Indeed, government has stepped in at certain points in history to establish limits on the free market systems autonomy, one instance being Child Labor Laws and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Most people consider this intervention a good thing and necessary for human justice, as it protects children against development and makes blatant job discrimination illegal. A less popular form of market exploitation is practiced by the federal government when it acts to bail out corporations that are on the brink of bankruptcy, as happened in recent years with Chrysler and Amtrak (a practice commonly referred to as welfare for the rich). By acting in this manner, the state has sought to shield the market and economy from the fall-out that would result if these corporations should fail, together with the large numbers of layoffs that would inevitably follow. These cases alone must be enough to justify abandoning the language of free and neutral markets untainted by intervention. However, with the increasing numbers of women entering the workplace, wages will progressively become equitable since this will just prove to be good business. Just as many corporations have sustained to implement affirmative action policies (even though it has become a hotly controversial issue in both the legislature and many social circles) because maintaining multiplicity in todays global market is in their interest, so too can the same argument be made for comparable worth: It may be seen as good for business that women workers feel they are being moderately compensated. Women, sheerly by virtue of their growing numbers in the workplace, will certainly gain more voice and power though it likely to be a slow processperhaps too slow for many.

The Article The in Geographical Names

The Article The in Geographical Names The Article The in Geographical Names The Article The in Geographical Names By Mark Nichol When is it appropriate to use the article the in geographical names? Some types of terms are consistent, but for other categories, usage differs depending on the type of name. The following discussion lists categorical examples and explains why the is used with some designations and not others. Geopolitical names usually do not require an article: Names of thoroughfares rarely, if ever, have one: â€Å"First Avenue† and â€Å"Main Street,† for example, are not preceded by the, and though Broadway as a name for a thoroughfare used to be styled â€Å"the Broadway,† this usage is long extinct. However, highways and other major concourses often have a descriptive name such as â€Å"the Pacific Coast Highway,† and though numbered routes do not require an article, many people in (or from) Southern California will refer, for example, to â€Å"the I-5† rather than simply I-5 as an abbreviation for â€Å"Interstate 5.† (This usage is apparently customary in Ontario, Canada, as well, and the British refer to their highways as â€Å"the A-1† and so on.) Names of municipalities, with one significant exception- The Hague, in the Netherlands- do not require an article, though names of countries sometimes include the, as in the example earlier in this sentence and in â€Å"the Philippines,† when the nation’s appellation describes a number of areas or islands. (However, note that with the peculiar exception of â€Å"The Hague,† the article is never capitalized in such usage.) Individual islands do not include the in their names (except in descriptive designations such as â€Å"the Big Island† for the island of Hawaii as distinct from the collection of islands of which it is the largest), but names of islands generally include the article as in â€Å"the Philippines† (or, sometimes, â€Å"the Philippine Islands†); some names always include or exclude the geographical term (â€Å"the Channel Islands,† but â€Å"the Hebrides†). The is not used before names of continents, however, though it is employed in reference to parts of landmasses such as in â€Å"the Arabian Peninsula†). In naming larger, areas, too, the is employed, as in â€Å"the West† and â€Å"the Middle East†; the same is true of designations of points on the globe, such â€Å"the South Pole† and â€Å"the Equator.† Names of rivers, gulfs, seas, and oceans always include the, but, oddly, those of creeks and lakes do not, except for the latter in descriptive names like â€Å"the Great Salt Lake† or collective designations such as â€Å"the Great Lakes.† (Descriptive names of watercourses such as â€Å"Sandy Creek† do not follow this rule.) Names of bays vary in usage: Both â€Å"San Francisco Bay† and â€Å"the San Francisco Bay† are heard, for example, and though including the is the exception rather than the rule, it is integral in such names as â€Å"the Bay of Biscay† where the geographical term comes first. Mountains generally do not have the in their names, except in such descriptive cases as â€Å"the Matterhorn† or in reference to mountain ranges (â€Å"the Rocky Mountains† or â€Å"the Rockies,† â€Å"the Andes†). Names of features such as deserts and forests, however, almost always follow the in American usage (such as â€Å"the Allegheny National Forest†), though in the United Kingdom, in references to forests and woods, the article is omitted (as in â€Å"Sherwood Forest†). Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)Capitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsGrammar Review #1: Particles and Phrasal Verbs

The Importance of Wearing School Uniform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Importance of Wearing School Uniform - Essay Example However there are other reasons to fathom in due context as well. The basic premise of having school uniforms in the first place is that they bring to light the issue of equality within the mass cross section of students and there is no discrimination of rich and the poor amongst them. It makes sure that the students learn to live with each other without any differing constraints so that they can turn into good human beings when they grow up. Furthermore, the notion is emphasized by the fact that a certain discipline is maintained when these students wear the same clothes day in day out, so as to bring to light the issue of oneness and unity. This speaks volumes of the lessons that are imparted by the schools, not only in the present day but also of the yesteryears. Discipline issue is thus one of the significant aspects when we discuss the exact rationale for having school uniforms. A number of different researches and surveys that have been held as to find out whether these school uniforms are liked by the students or otherwise show that these students have a 33% likeliness ratio whereas the remaining 67% do not quite approve of the idea in its essence. They believe that the school dictated clothing is not an â€Å"in† thing and it does not mesh with their idea of wearing funky and colorful clothes, more so which portray the real selves of theirs. A number of these respondents raised the view that their sense of freedom seems to be lost when they wear the school uniforms and they are thus confined to the four walls of the school or alma mater for that matter. They just want to break free from the clutches of school and aspire to live in a world which is not dictated by the teachers, lecturers and headmasters. School going children want to have a free life which is not governed by anyone. One of the views that is put down by the school authorities in the light of the whole discussion is that the school uniforms emphasize

Henry and his Wives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Henry and his Wives - Essay Example This volume intends to present the conditions and the confines in which Henry’s wives and other women lived in detail as presented by the author. The author has shown Henry as a very notorious character where he marries six wives. This distinct Henry in the records of history where he is seen to achieve almost anything through his destructive influence and power. At first, Henry Marries Catherine of Aragon, however, their marriage is ended by an infant death and a sensational political revolt. His second wife also meets and unfortunate end, where by charges that were most likely false she is executed. Jane Seymour the third wife who bore Henry a son died in childbirth. Soon after the death of Jane Henry remarried a German woman who came to be a disappointment later as according to Henry was not as beautiful as he had hoped. Consequently, they divorced after six months. Henry’s fifth wife was Katherine Howard; unfortunately, just like his first wife she was set for execution through cunning means. Finally, the author concludes the story by the live events of the last wife of Henry, Katherine Parr who was well mannered and served her husband with great respect and devotion until his death. The author at this point reflects the life of the women of this time and the place they were kept by the society. He further brings out a variety of themes such as egoism and others through the life and deeds of the king. Henry serves the role of the medieval society and how influential individuals and people in power positions related with

Impact of the Internet for SMEs in Malaysia

Impact of the Internet for SMEs in Malaysia Introduction The Internet According to Hamil (1997) stated that the efficiency and effectively medium used for accessing, organizing, and communicating information is representing the Internet. The presence on the Internet in the advanced economies is establishing from multinational or domestic whether its large or small (Duffy Dale, 2000). There are 888 million users of Internet for worldwide in 2004 and it is expected to growth until 1.35 billion by 2007 (eTForecast, 2004 Internet World Stats, 2005). In the global online population, Asia rank the highest percentage followed by Europe and then North America with Asia is 34, Europe is 29.2 and North America is 24.9 (Internet World Stats, 2005). English is the main medium of instruction for the Internet and the online population is declining for its dominance in the Web while the Chinese and Spanish speaking users are lesser extent but the Japanese users are on the rise (Glreach.com, 2004). The world most populous and developing nations such as China, India, Indonesia, and Brazil has forecasted that there will be a little growth of the internet users (eTForecasts, 2004). Internet use and access is uneven across countries due to global reach as the population of internet users in South Korea is 63.3 per cent, Malaysia is 35.9 per cent, and Thailand is 12.8 per cent. The o verall population internet users of these 3 countries just make up only 3.6 per cent of India population (World States, 2005). According to Peterson et al (1997), the accessing to online market surveys, newspapers and journals, country and industry market research, trade lists of suppliers, agents, distributors, and government contacts in a large number of countries are the reasons of the firms access to Internet. Internet can play a role as intermediaries between producer and users that mainly in collection, collation, interpretation, and distribution of information (Liang et al, 2004 Quelch Klein, 1996). Internet provides a flexible, reliable, and low-cost method if compared to other means of communication such as telephone, fax, and post (Poon Jevons, 1997). In the existing marketing activity, Internet is playing a supporting role (Hazel, 1996). The traditional dominance of fixed location stores will be replaced by a new retail format which is provided by Internet (Evans, 1996 Van Tassel Weitz, 1997). Internet is the means of communicating information about retail organization, products, and services (Bruno, 1997). In the US, retailer view the Internet as an emergence marketing communication tools that used to attracting new customers, penetrating new markets, promoting companys brand, and improving customer retention (Ernst Young, 1997). Small Business Enterprise (SME) and the Internet Small business enterprise is independently owned and operated where it is not dominant in its field, and doesnt engage in new or innovative practices. Neighborhoods grocery stores, fast-food restaurant, hair stylists, dry cleaners, video or record shops, and the veterinarian are an examples of small businesses. Qualitative factors are also important in describing the small businesses. To be classified as small, a small business must have at least two of the following features that are management is dependent, since the manager usually owns the business; capital is supplied and ownership is held by an individual or a few individuals; the area of operations is primarily local, although the market isnt necessarily local; the business is small in comparison with larger competitors in the industry (Washington DC: Small Business Administration, 1985). Perhaps the best definition of small business is the one used by Congress in the Small Business Act of 1953, which states that a small is one that independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its field of operation. The act also authorized the Small Business Administration (SBA) to develop more detailed definition that takes into account such criteria as sales volume and the number of employees in the firm. Incorporating these criteria into workable guidelines for use in determining loans, the SBA has established the upper limits for small firms in this manner (Washington DC: Small Business Administration, 1985). As the global online users growing rapidly, SMEs have discovered unparallel new opportunities in the Internet that are entrepreneurial enough to recognize and take advantage of highly profitable niche markets (Forster, 2000 Poon Swatman, 1997). The researchers found that SMEs in the UK has been characterizes as dynamic, enterprising and ambitious as key role in entrepreneurship and innovation by DTI (DTI, 2000). McCalman (1999), states that the entrepreneurial character of the owner, individual managers or operational teams often associated with the fast growing of the new venture and the high growth and high technology firms appear to be more able and more willing to seize the opportunities afforded by the Internet. The Internet has changed the landscape of the firms in the worldwide and globalization is a key driven role for Internet usage by small firms to expand their operations to other nations. The main strategic factors that associated with successful information, communications, and technology (ICT) is often viewed by the organization learning, entrepreneurship, innovative workplace cultures, and knowledge management enhancement context. The Internet virtually has relevance either directly or indirectly for entrepreneurship management in every aspect of organizational learning (Matlay, 2001 Leitch Harrison, 1999). In the marketing context, Noh and Fitzsimmons (1999) have described complex, creative, and innovation relationship is a significant relationship found between Internet usage and the marketing functions where ICT and entrepreneurial activity strategically linked. The ICT opportunities that the marketing function can respond is depend on sustainable competitive advantage of the organizational changes which is the key to organizational survival (Brady et al, 1999 Komenar, 1997). In order to attract and retain customers, the SMEs have to derive customer service advantages and marketing performance gains by adopted transformative use of ICT (Brady et al, 1999). According to Martin and Matlay (2001), the relationship between marketing functions and ICT adoption in SME would make the firms need to make creative and innovative changes in ordeal to deal effectively with actual and perceived ICT related marketing opportunities due to less attention on strategic SME operations and emphasis mor e on managerial capacity and marketing opportunities. online marketing only the step two in a five stages sequential progress to e-commerce and full ICT integration by a company identifies by DTI adoption ladder. Market analysis and related responses or strategies might be seen as sophistication function for e-use in SMEs (Martin Matlay, 2001). Despite its high level of connectivity and basic e-commerce applications, business appear reluctant to move up the adoption ladder but the DTI adoption ladder model is heavily emphasis on financial based transaction (UK Online, 2000). In the UK, 80 per cent of the SMEs have accessed to the Internet and another much smaller proportion also able to implement and embed new technologies for strategic purposes based on the figures of Internet adoption (UK Online, 2001). The adoption of ICT in the smaller firms has made the impact on SME profitability largely due to high connectivity according to the number of recent benchmarking surveys (UK Online, 2000). The UK government has initiative to promote the use of ICT and has ambitious target for Internet adoption, some has been already achieved (UK Online, 2000). In 2002, the digital marketplace there was 1.5 million SMEs expected to be wired up since 1.7 million businesses already connected and 81 per cent of all firms in one form or another. The national e-economy development had shown the successful outcome of the achievements and impressive of Internet adoption (UK Online, 2000). Information technology is implemented in SME can described as multidimensional change process (Martinsons Chong, 1999 Butter Fitzgerald, 2001). Information technology is playing an important role for training in SME. According to Coates (2000), information technologies represent the drivers of change of all aspect of life. A new corporate culture and management change will form when the electronic commerce fit into organization operations (Fadden, 2000 Hard Knie, 2001). The most important element of implementation of information technology is human resources (Greene et al, 1997). Westhead and Storey (1996) describe that the implementation of information technology can intervene on training aid for change in developing human resources and human capabilities of the organization. Decision making has played a dominant role for owner-manager in SME sector (Jennings Banfield, 1993 Jennings Beaver, 1995). The owner-manager has acted as principal driving force for implementation and adoption of electronic commerce. The role of a person characterized is in conjunction with the nature of managerial activity (Jennings Beaver, 1995). The owner-manager has total control on training. So, Jennings and Beaver (1995) have stated that the extension of the owner-manager role is the provision of organization training. SMEs are operated under uncertain condition (Nooteboom, 1994 Storey, 1994 Acs et al, 1997). Skills and ability of SMEs have change in uncertain environment and SME has adopted (Hendry, 1995 Acs et al, 1997). Recognition of change has relation with the implementation of new technologies (Martinsons Chong, 1999 Coates, 2000 Buttler Fitzgerald, 2001). The Internet adoption in the SME has make SME staff learning through online collaboration. According to Flexwork (2004), a project supported by CEC FP5 IST Programme is a place where EU SME teleworking is gathering at Flexwork. Lawless (2004) stated that both virtual working and face to face contact are still needed as well as those frequent working online also have some face to face contact. The relationship forming through work online has to be considered to maintain well fairly (Walther, 1992). SME has practice team working and it is a most used method currently (Institute of Work Psychology, 1999). Computer World and British Telecom (2003) has stated that beneficiary from the process working online with others is SMEs wish and it must be properly conducted and resourced since there is over 50 per cent of SMEs has no formal IT strategy. ICT based environment is important for future networking platform and it is crucial for SME to cope with it (Ulbrich, 2000) and the need for chang e in SME has to take consideration on collaboration learning through ICT whether it is formal or informal (Fulantelli Allegra, 2003 Williamson et al, 2001). It is an ideal to have online collaborative training or learn cluster (Geer Au, 2002). Collaboration is required for supply chain and SME is a part of the supply chain especially in motor and technologies industry. The trial has been conducted in Athabasca University in Canada to simulate SME members (Athabasca, 2002). Some EU training organization has proposed online collaborative learning systems using virtual classrooms, network or similar (AutoTrainProject, 2000). The individuals in the same SME or separate SME can form the collaboration learning. The increase used of ICTs especially email for internal communication has become a crucial feature of innovativeness of SMEs as well as collaboration between individuals in same or separate SME (Andrew Pettigrew, 1997). Another increased capacity for innovation in SMEs are exter nal networking (Gray Allan, 2000). SMEs and the Internet in Malaysia Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation (SMIDEC) was established on 2nd May 1996 which is an agency under Ministry of International Trade and Industry to promote and coordinate the development of SMEs in Malaysia through specific programs, provide technical support and management counseling services with the cooperation with other agencies, forge linkage industries between SMEs and large companies or multinational companies, and collaborate with other agencies locally and internationally to develop the SMEs (Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation Malaysia, 2008). Malaysia adopted a common definition of SMEs to facilitate the identification of SMEs in the various sectors and subsectors. It has facilitated the government to formulate effective development policies, support programs as well as the provision of technical and financial assistance (Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation Malaysia, 2008). The categories of SMEs in Malaysia consist of manufacturing, manufacturing related services and agro-based industries and another category is services, primary agriculture and information and communication technology (ICT). The enterprise in SMEs in Malaysia varies from micro enterprise, small enterprise, and medium enterprise (Small and Medium Industries Development Corporation Malaysia, 2008). The Malaysia government has recognized that ICT would serve as a foundation to transform Malaysia from a P-based economy to K-based economy. ICT was emphasized as an enabler mainly in manufacturing sector and National Information and Technology Council (NITC) was established and its primary function is to ensure that ICT well integrated in the socio-economic fabric of the nation (Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation Malaysia, 2007) In the 9th Malaysia Plan, the strategic plans for Malaysia ICT including the implementation of Digital Content Development, E-Commerce, SSO, Bioinformatics, MyICMS 886 which consist of Content Development, ICT Education Hub, Digital Multimedia Receivers, Communication Devices, Embedded Components and Foreign Ventures. It also includes the launching of MSC Phase II and increasing the number of MSC status companies from 973 to 1236 (Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation Malaysia, 2007). According to Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation Malaysia facts and figures 2008, the number of main lines subscribers is 588 per 1000 inibitants, number of internet users is 714.3 per 1000 inhibitants, number of broadband subscribers is 96.13 per inhibitants, and number of computer subscribers is 805 per 1000 people in 2007 (Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation Malaysia, 2008). The government has embarked on a concerted effort to improve the development of the SME sector. The government has integrated 14 ministries and 60 agencies as a model to approaches the SME to source of information of their businesses and stage of development. The Small and Medium Enterprise Development Council endorsed and launched the SMEinfo Portal as an integration of the Internet adoption and SMEs in Malaysia and a mechanism to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of dissemination of information to SMEs. Its a one stop online information resource SMEs across all sectors of the economy (SMEinfo, 2008). The SMEinfo Portal is portals that can comprehensive access to information and is a multilingual information portal outreach to wider SMEs as the function as sources of financing and types of financial support by financial institutions, business support programs by ministries and government agencies, training and advisory services, SME Business Adviser Network, managing counseling services, and relevant tools such as financial tools as well as events by ministries and government agencies (SMEinfo, 2008). The important features of the SMEinfo Portal is the SME Business Directory where SMEs can advertise products and services to large potential customers worldwide, sources of raw materials and relevant services by contracting suppliers, and identify potential customers to venture into new market for their products and services (SMEinfo, 2008). Problem Statement According to Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation Malaysia facts and figures 2008, the number of main lines subscribers is 588 per 1000 inibitants, number of internet users is 714.3 per 1000 inhibitants, number of broadband subscribers is 96.13 per inhibitants, and number of computer subscribers is 805 per 1000 people in 2007. In UK, there are 80 per cent of SMEs have adopted Internet and another smaller proportion of small businesses also able to implement and embed new technologies for the strategic purpose. The small businesses in Malaysia have less adoption of Internet in business if compare to other countries such as UK and USA. So, the Internet adoptions in small businesses in Malaysia have another prospective such as some are using for information accessed. The Internet adoption for small businesses in UK and USA has been a long history in the industry. The early adopters for the Internet has used for the range of functions such as marketing and advertising, informa tion gathering, customer support and service and electronic transaction. There are several model to conduct the research on the Internet adoption for small businesses such as Rogers model of perceived attributes of the Internet. The firms has asked to rate their perceptions of Internet use for the business. From the previous research, Rogers, (1995) has listed the perceived attributes of the Internet as a strong influence exert on business use as: To what perceptions of innovation attributes for the research contribute to internet adoption for small businesses in Malaysia Research Objectives In this changing technology era, the internet has become more important for everyone to access for information, shopping and communications especially in the business use. So, the purpose of the research for the impact of the internet adoption for small businesses in Malaysia is: To investigate the relationship between innovation attributes and the internet adoption for small businesses in Malaysia. To identify the relationship between relative advantage of internet adoption and small businesses in Malaysia. To identify the relationship between compatibility of internet adoption and small businesses functions in Malaysia. To identify the relationship between complexity of internet adoption and small businesses in Malaysia. To identify the relationship between trialability of internet adoption and small businesses in Malaysia. To identify the relationship between observability of internet adoption and small businesses in Malaysia. Importance of the Study The importance of the study of research project titled The Factors Contribute to Internet Adoption for Small Businesses in Malaysia can be contributed to the industry, education and society. The study of this research can make an impact on industry, education, and society for different reasons. The impact of the study of this research on industry is identification of the potential business growth by small businesses in Malaysia with the Internet adoption. Business of the firm can growth by penetrating different market segments and coverage more geographical areas with using Internet as a marketing tool. Another impact of the study is can make the firm adopt process innovation and product innovation to reduce the cost of the production and capture the value of the customers with the quality products. The entrepreneurial opportunity also could discover on the study of this research. Youth could create entrepreneurial opportunity with the Internet adoption for developing own Electronic Business with the low cost, easy, and convenience method. The study of this research could create job opportunity in the industry especially from IT fields and entrepreneurship field. Besides, the importance of this study also contributes to the education. In education, undergraduates can have an improvement process of acquiring knowledge and information with the Internet adoption on academic. Universities and colleges can provide entrepreneurial skills and knowledge for undergraduates on students entrepreneurship development programs, academics and students organization on free enterprise. It also could increase the understanding of the technology in terms of information system and web development. Lastly, the importance of this study also contributes to the society. The study of this research can make an impact on society by reducing the employment rate for the country with the job creation by small businesses. It could increase the quality living of the society with the easy and conveniences services provide by small businesses on the adoption of the Internet. Foreign relation between people and people or government and government can be improving with the development of the Internet on the small businesses. The economies of the country can growth with the expansion and development of small businesses industry and small businesses can penetrate to another countries using Internet as well as increasing exports business of the country. Organization of Research Project The organization of the research project titled The Factors Contribute to Internet Adoption for Small Businesses in Malaysia overall consist of five chapters with each chapter has different aspects ranging from the different explanation of internet adoption and small businesses from different authors of journals to statistical analysis of the research study. In the chapter one, the definition and explanation of the internet extracted from different authors quote in different journals. The subtopics consist of the Internet, the SMEs and the Internet, and the SMEs and the Internet in Malaysia. In the chapter two, the literature review will extracted the quote from different authors in the journals to organize as a study of the internet adoption contribute to the small businesses in Malaysia. The other reviews of the literature are the relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability of the Internet adoption in any fields. In the chapter three, the methodology of the research will explain the sources of data collection from primary and secondary data. The hypothesis of the study and the procedures for collecting the samples will be explained here. In the chapter four, the discussions and results will based on the geographic profiles of the small businesses. The chi-square analysis will analyze differentiates of E-Commerce and Small Businesses, differentiates virtual consumer behavior from retail consumer behavior, and the level of understanding of small businesses. The multiple regressions will focus on the entrepreneurs interest in virtual store strategic management. Finally, the chapter five will describe the summary and conclusion of the research. The research will recommend the solutions for the problems of the study. Literature Review Internet Adoption Theory of reasoned action (TRA) (Fishbein Ajzen, 1975), technology acceptance model (TAM) (Davis, 1989), and theory of planned behavior (TPB) (Azjen, 1991) reported as a number of studies of IT adoption. Adam et al (1992) stated that the fundamental determinants of acceptance of IT adoption consist of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use and it can be widely used in the IT adoption. Perceived usefulness is a major determinant of peoples intention to use computers while perceived ease of use is a significant secondary determinant of peoples intention to use computers by competing two competing models of computer technology usage, TAM and TRA. It can conclude as peoples use of computer technology can be predicted reasonably well from their intentions. The TAM has been selected as a useful basis for starting build a model of adoption of the Internet since TAM is slightly better from an empirical point of view in the comparison of TAM and TPB (Mathieson, 1991). The researchers found that technology acceptance; reasons of using IT and behavior of using IT can derive the definition of the Internet adoption. Besides, the researchers also found the definition of Internet adoption in other context such as supply chain management. Italian firm has made adoption modalities of IT to integrate into supply chain management to make their business growth. According to Chandrashekar and Schary (1999), in order to fit the customer request, the Internet can act as an enabler in depicting the firms. The efficacy and effectiveness of reaching higher level of performance is the integration and information technology (IT) and it can be regard as the most competitive and imitable weapons (Tan, 2001). Porter (2001) stated that modification of supply chain (SC) relationships, boundaries, and mutual influence is an integral part of the Internet in firms strategy. In the former Central and Eastern European, innovation of technology has been introduced into commercial. Famous researchers such as Rogers have been workout to derive the definition of the Internet adoption from the technology innovativeness context. Everett M. Rogers (1995) was formulated the innovation adoption theory. The innovation adoption theory has been widely used in analyzing the adoption of the Internet (Wolcott et al, 2001), various Internet related applications (Black et al, 2001 Polatoglu Ekin, 2001), and software products (Karahanna et al, 1999 Kautz Larsen, 2000). Rogers (1995), regards the perceived new unit of adoption of an individual can be defined as an idea, practice, or object in term of innovation. Rogers (1995), also defined the adoption is a process that members of a society can communicated through certain channels over time. Schumpeter (1934, 1939 1942) has stated that new application of invention, discovery or new or existing knowledge as an innovati on. The innovation also can be defined as the introduction and new development of knowledge derived tools, artifacts, and devices by which people extend and interact with environment (Tornatzky Fleischer, 1990). The related technologies linked closely and innovation is a cluster of Internet adoption and banking (Rogers, 1995). The factors influence the Internet adoption because the traditional modes of communication of the firms in the transitional markets of obtaining information on foreign markets, and communicated through business partners, customers, and distributors are costly and time consuming (Nguyen Nguyen, 2001). According to Rogers (1983), the adoption is an alternative solution where the firm confronted with the problems. The organizations strategies, policies, and actions as well as beliefs, attitudes, and intentions lead to the adoption of IT (Leonard Barton Deschamps, 1995). The adoption of IT for organizations continuously collecting information about target market needs and competitors capabilities and using it to create superior customer value. It is important and valuable for market orientation of an organization (Slater Narver, 1995: 63). Organizations innovativeness on IT facilitates the market orientation so that the forming of market orientation firms could gather information on m arkets and environments (Han et al, 1998 Jaworski Kohli, 1993). Besides, Firm creating and use knowledge influences the organizational factor in learning organization (Sinkula et al, 1997). As learning environment is creates and encourages in learning oriented firms lead to the rise of adoption and implementation of new ideas, process, and products to produce innovative capacity for the firm (Hurley Hult, 1998). Learning and sharing of knowledge opportunities exist among members of learning oriented firms from individual level to organization level (Nonaka Takeuchi, 1995). Slater and Naver (1995), explained that how an organization acquire, process, and use market intelligence is a question to the ability in engagement in adapting the generative learning as a key component of organization learning orientation. The leveraging of superior learning environment is the use of all resources including the behaviors that accompany market orientation (Baker Sinkula, 1999). As stated by the above definition of Internet adoption in the supply chain management context, there are many factors contribute to affect the relationship of the Internet adoption. An easy and fast way in the process of acquiring and sharing information and the efficiency and effectiveness of improve performance are linked to the aspect of Internet adoption (Deeter-Schmeltz Norman-Kennedy,2002 Ronchi, 2003). The mistakes and time reductions and contribution to the order and stock cuts facilitate the better coordination among players of network (Akkermans et al, 2001). The enhancement of business model development providing innovation opportunities and competitive advantages challenge as well as strategic dimensions of SC design are the impact of Internet adoption (Wouters et al, 1999). The cost reductions of product management as well as cheaper and flexible of data exchange and enhancement of data standardization are the impact of IT adoption mechanism in market environment and o rganization management (Malone et al, 1987). The adoption of web based tools could enhance the integration such as EDI and as impact of product complexity (Garcia-Dastugue Lambert, 2003). The standardization and behavioral formalization such as tasks repetitiveness and recognizability was influences by the adoption of ICT (Vacca, 1990 Lomi, 1991 Lorenzoni, 1992). The standardization of SC players in coordinating and performing activities are the affects of ICT (Becker, 2004). The change and variability sourcing are the improvisational aspect of routine which is including tacit knowledge, incorporate operative and applicatory capabilities (Pentland, 2003). Colombo et al (1997) stated that the transparency of process is the free information and knowledge sharing while Winter and Taylor (1996) stated that the reduction of middle management direct communication as an enabling of ICT. On the other hand, technology innovativeness has been adopted in European markets to cater the demand of the consumers in many ways. There are many factors of adoption of technology innovativeness to serve the markets in Central and Eastern European nations. Researchers have investigated and identify the factors of commercialization innovativeness to explain the relationship of Internet adoption contributes to commercial in Ukraine and Austria. According to Dickerson and Gentry (1983), a new innovative service firm must offer increased functional performance than its predecessor can be defined as relative advantage. The primary measurement of relative advantage is assessing an innovations superiority in terms of overall convenience (Polatoglu Ekin, 2001 Tan Teo, 2000). The degree to which an innovation is perceived as relatively difficult understands and use is the definition of complexity (Rogers Shoemaker, 1971). Tornaztky and Klein (1982) stated that the lower rate of adoption means the complex the innovation is. Rogers (1995) defined the compatibility as the degree to which an innovation is perceived as consistent with existing values, past experiences, and the needs of potential adopters. De Ruyter et al (2001) also stated that compatibility is consistent with existing consumer affect, cognition, and behavior. Some researchers also found that consumer perceived risk post as important factors to the ICT adoption (Eastlick Lotz, 1999 Hansen, 2005 Polatoglu Ekin, 2001 Tan Teo, 2000). Relative Advantage Rogers (1995) defined relative advantage as the degree to which an innovation is seen as superior to existing practice. In the competition context, there is another definition for seeing innovation as superior to existing practice. According to Day (1984) and Porter (1987), the competitive advantage can be seen as the objective of the strategy and the result of the competitive advantage is superior performance. The derivations of competitive advantage are from numerous